I.Relationship between human development and human resource development

According to UNDP, major contents of human development concept include: i. human development is a process of extending optional opportunities for all people and communities; ii. Human development is a process of increasing optional capacity for all people and communities, and; iii. The process of extending optional opportunities and capacity creates a favourable environment for people’s creativeness, healthy lives, and education. Thereby, human development is not a mean but an end of development, and people is the center of development. In summary, human development is a process of extending optional opportunities to help people improve their own lives comprehensively and sustainably.

Human resource includes the abundance of intellectual, practical, organizational, and management capacities, resourcefulness, and reaction of people against any circumstances. Human resource is often considered o­n individual and social bases. Thus, as considering the structure of human resource, it is necessary to take into account its individual aspects, including: physical strength, brainpower, and ethics which composite individual quality of human resource and have direct impact o­n social development quality of human resource – from viewpoint regarding its social aspect.

Contents of human development are rather complicate, of which human resource development is the most important factor. Human development strategy consists of a vital component of human resource development strategy. Therefore, human development and human resource development have a close and indispenable relation with eachother in both theoretic and practical terms.

II.Roles of human and human resource development in the cause of socio-economic development

1.Roles of human and human resource development in development process: theory and international experiences

Human development plays a significant role. Firstly, it makes direct contribution in the improvement of living standards; secondly, it provides foundation for equality of opportunities; thirdly, it partly make development interest distribution more balance; fourthly, it allows to mobilize connections of different forms of human investments; and fifthly, human development promotes advantages of combining human and material capital.

As the world economy is transforming into a intellectual economy, and globalization is happening more profoundly and rapidly, crucial role of human resource is manifested more clearly. Therefore, human capital resource development is defined as the most fundamental competitive factor in development strategies of many countries.

2.Concepts regarding roles of human development and human resource development under the industrialization and modernization context in Vietnam

Given new characteristics of current time, and new requirements of national development, the role of human resource has been recognized more clearly. Thereby, human beings are both a basic and inner resource for industrialization and modernization process, and the major objects that industrialization and modernization process is trying to serve. It is necessary to turn potentials of human resource into “human capital”. Improving quality of human capital is a proper way for Vietnam to compete and integrate into global economies.

III.Policies and measures o­n human resource developmentand human development in Vietnam

1. General directions

To building human resource satisfying requirements of current industrialization and modernization, it is necessary to strictly follow directions of:

- To properly transform the structure of human resource as requirements of socio-economic development

- To improve quality of human resource comprehensively, in terms of stature and physical strength, brainpower; and ethic and spiritual quality of Vietnamese people.

2.Education and training development in the relation with human and human resource development

In spite of some achievements, there still remains certain shortcomings and challenges in the work of education and training in Vietnam.

Therefore, Vietnam sets to develop eduactional scale and ensure educational quality in the time to come:To build an advance, humanitarian, and socialist education system for comprehensive development of Vietnamese people; and education will achieve goals of training people of good virtues, ful capacity, and firm stuff to be able to adapt with rapid and various changes of markets.

It is necessary to implement education socialization a a fundamental measure to build a learning society; reform education and training system at all levels, from content to apprach of education and training, to apply new priciples to education and training work, including: socialization, democraticization, and humanitarianization; and enhance state control of education in accordace with the Law o­n Education 2005.

3. To create more jobs for labourers

An immediate and important goal of any single nation is to create enough jobs for labourers, particularly intellectual labourers. This requires socialization of job creation, while the State should provide favourable legal, economic, and social environment forlabourers to have equal chances of employments, protecting their freedom of work.

- First, to consistently implement the policy of multi economic sectors .

- Second, to focus o­n job creation in agricultural sectors and rural areas.

- Third, to increase investment in job creation, to further developme labour market, and extend labour export markets.

4. To mobilize human resource in proper way, providing labourers with just treatment policies and training at workplaces and in the society

- Policies regarding labourer enrollment and using should be market-oriented with management and guidance provided by the State

- It is necessary to provide effective policies with a view to attracting educated and skilled labourers to work in rural and mountainous areas.

- It is necessary to apply policies attracting tallented people, bring intellectual labourers into full-play.

- It requires to ensure reasonability and accuracy in employing, assessing, designating, and arraging staffs because “staffs are basis of all work”.

5. To build a favourable social environment

Favourable social environment is a overall summary of economic, politic, cultural, virtual, legal, spiritual, custom, traditional, and family factors, etc., that allow people to make valuable contribution of their full capacity to the society, and enjoying maximum of whatever they deserve to.

To create favourable social environment, first of all, requirements of democracy and social justice as regulated by laws should be satisfied and recognized by people; secondly, economic growth is required to be along with social advancement and justice; reliable legal environment should be created, in which regulations of laws are strictly followed by all society and state’s members; it is necessary to provide suitable socioeconomic policies given social conditions and capacities, timely satisfying desires and wishes of the public; and finally, desires of a wealthy people and healthy nation should be raised in mass public, turning it into a momentum for Vietnamese people to do their utmost in working and learning.

6. To handlethe issue of interests reasonably

Handling issues of interests is very important, particularly regarding salary and wage policies. It is necessary to ensure principles of social justice by diversifying distribution modes, making distribution o­n basis of working efficiency and economic results. Salary and wage policies should reflect value of labour o­n a basis of “skilled labour is multiple of unskilled labour”. This means, in addition to making distribution basing o­n working efficiency and contribution, it is acceptable to make distribution basing o­n labour prices.

Conclusion

Human resource plays a central role in resource system of industrialization and modernization process; it is a resource of all resources; it is the direct subject deciding the whole cause of industrialization and modernization.

Moreover, human beings is the object serving by industrialization and modernization. The process should focus o­n investment in and development of people. Therefore, industrialization and modernization process should combine economic growth with satisfaction of people welfares, social advancement and justice, and sustainable development.

At present, along with advantages there still remarkable shortcomings regarding human resource of Vietnam, particularly their professional levels, working skills, physical strength, and industrial working culture; furthermore, the mobility and the utility of educated labourers remain irrational and ineffective.

Thus, it requires to implement measures o­n education and training, healthcare, population quality enhancement, living environment improvement, jobs creation, labour mobilization, and others as positive momentum to human development in consistent and decisive manners.

Source: Center for Information and Documentation - CIEM
               VNEP, Dec. 2007.